India
is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks
5th in terms of exploitable hydro-potential on global scenario. As
per assessment made by CEA, India is endowed with economically
exploitable hydro-power potential to the tune of 1 48 700 MW of
installed capacity. The basin wise assessed potential is as under :-
Basin/RiversProbable
Installed Capacity (MW)
Indus
Basin
|
33,832
|
Ganga
Basin
|
20,711
|
Central
Indian River system
|
4,152
|
Western
Flowing Rivers of southern India
|
9,430
|
Eastern
Flowing Rivers of southern India
|
14,511
|
Brahmaputra
Basin
|
66,065
|
Total
|
1,48,701
|
In
addition, 56 number of pumped storage projects have also been
identified with probable installed capacity of 94 000 MW. In addition
to this, hydro-potential from small, mini & micro schemes has
been estimated as 6 782 MW from 1 512 sites. Thus, in totality India
is endowed with hydro-potential of about 2 50 000 MW.
Installed
Capacity
The
total installed capacity of India is 36878 MW
Sl.
No
|
States
|
Central
Sector
MW
|
State
Sector
MW
|
Private
Sector
MW
|
Total
|
1.
|
Himachal
Pradesh
|
816
|
892
|
749
|
2457
|
2.
|
Jammu
&Kashmir
|
2450
|
1473
|
0
|
3923
|
3.
|
Uttarakhand
|
4374
|
1655
|
829
|
6858
|
4.
|
Punjab
|
0
|
168
|
75
|
243
|
5.
|
Madhya
Pradesh
|
166
|
0
|
0
|
166
|
6.
|
Andhra
Pradesh
|
0
|
1560
|
0
|
1560
|
7.
|
Kerala
|
0
|
373
|
0
|
373
|
8.
|
Karnataka
|
0
|
400
|
0
|
400
|
9.
|
West
Bengal
|
120
|
66
|
0
|
186
|
10.
|
Sikkim
|
520
|
0
|
1935
|
2455
|
11.
|
Arunachal
Pradesh
|
1610
|
0
|
7969
|
9579
|
12.
|
Assam
|
0
|
150
|
0
|
150
|
13.
|
Manipur
|
1566
|
0
|
0
|
1566
|
14.
|
Tamil
Nadu
|
0
|
500
|
0
|
500
|
15.
|
Meghalaya
|
0
|
54
|
450
|
504
|
TOTAL
|
11622
|
7291
|
12007
|
30920
|
Major
Hydropower generating units
NAME
|
STATE
|
CAPACITY
(MW)
|
BHAKRA
|
PUNJAB
|
1100
|
NAGARJUNA
|
ANDHRA
PRADESH
|
960
|
KOYNA
|
MAHARASHTRA
|
920
|
DEHAR
|
HIMACHAL
PRADESH
|
990
|
SHARAVATHY
|
KARNATAKA
|
891
|
KALINADI
|
KARNATAKA
|
810
|
SRISAILAM
|
ANDHRA
PRADESH
|
770
|
Top
ten countries (in terms of capacity)
COUNTRY
|
POWER
CAPACITY (MWh)
|
INSTALLED
CAPACITY (MW)
|
TAJIKISTAN
|
527000
|
4000
|
CANADA
|
341312
|
66954
|
USA
|
319484
|
79511
|
BRAZIL
|
285603
|
57517
|
CHINA
|
204300
|
65000
|
RUSSIA
|
160500
|
44000
|
NORWAY
|
121824
|
27528
|
JAPAN
|
84500
|
27229
|
INDIA
|
82237
|
22083
|
FRANCE
|
77500
|
77500
|
Potential
India
has an estimated SHP potential of about 15
000 MW.
Installed
Capacity
The
total installed capacity of small hydro power projects (upto 25 MW)
as on 31.03.2009 is 2429.77 MW from 674 projects and 188 projects
with aggregate capacity of 483.23 MW are under construction.
Potential
and Projects
State-wise
details of the potential and installed/under installation projects
S.No
|
State
|
Potential
|
Projects
Installed
|
Projects
Under implementation
|
|||
Nos
|
Capacity
|
Nos
|
Capacity
|
Nos
|
Capac
|
||
1
|
Andhra
Pradesh
|
497
|
560.18
|
62
|
189.83
|
18
|
61.75
|
2
|
Arunachal
Pradesh
|
550
|
1328.68
|
101
|
78.835
|
28
|
38.71
|
3
|
Assam
|
119
|
238.69
|
4
|
27.11
|
4
|
15
|
4
|
Bihar
|
95
|
213.25
|
18
|
58.3
|
11
|
36.31
|
5
|
Chhattisgarh
|
184
|
993.11
|
6
|
19.05
|
1
|
1.2
|
6
|
Goa
|
6
|
6.5
|
1
|
0.05
|
-
|
-
|
7
|
Gujarat
|
292
|
196.97
|
4
|
12.6
|
-
|
-
|
8
|
Haryana
|
33
|
110.05
|
7
|
70.1
|
2
|
3.4
|
9
|
Himachal
Pradesh
|
536
|
2267.81
|
112
|
375.385
|
40
|
132.2
|
10
|
Jammu
&kashmir
|
246
|
1417.80
|
34
|
129.33
|
5
|
5.91
|
11
|
Jharkhand
|
103
|
208.95
|
6
|
4.05
|
8
|
34.85
|
12
|
Karnataka
|
138
|
747.95
|
111
|
725.05
|
18
|
107.5
|
13
|
Kerela
|
245
|
704.1
|
20
|
136.87
|
7
|
23.8
|
14
|
Madhya
Pradesh
|
299
|
803.64
|
11
|
86.16
|
4
|
19.9
|
15
|
Maharashtra
|
255
|
732.63
|
39
|
263.825
|
15
|
51.7
|
16
|
Manipur
|
114
|
89.13
|
8
|
5.45
|
3
|
2.75
|
17
|
Meghalaya
|
101
|
29.8
|
4
|
31.03
|
3
|
1.7
|
18
|
Mizoram
|
75
|
66.93
|
18
|
36.47
|
1
|
0.5
|
19
|
Nagaland
|
99
|
188.98
|
10
|
28.67
|
4
|
4.2
|
20
|
Orissa
|
222
|
295.47
|
10
|
79.625
|
5
|
3.93
|
21
|
Punjab
|
237
|
393.23
|
43
|
153.2
|
15
|
21.4
|
22
|
Rajasthan
|
66
|
57.17
|
10
|
23.85
|
-
|
-
|
23
|
Sikkim
|
91
|
265.55
|
16
|
47.11
|
2
|
5.2
|
24
|
Tamil
Nadu
|
197
|
659.51
|
16
|
94.05
|
6
|
33
|
25
|
Tripura
|
13
|
46.86
|
3
|
16.01
|
-
|
-
|
26
|
Uttar
Pradesh
|
251
|
460.75
|
7
|
23.3
|
-
|
-
|
27
|
Uttarakhand
|
444
|
1577.44
|
95
|
134.12
|
55
|
230.65
|
28
|
West
bengal
|
203
|
396.11
|
24
|
98.9
|
16
|
79.25
|
29
|
Andaman
&Nicobar Islands
|
7
|
7.27
|
1
|
5.25
|
-
|
-
|
Total
|
5718
|
15384.15
|
801
|
2953.58
|
271
|
914.81
|
|
SHP
projects installed in Private Sector (as on 31.03.2009)
S.No
|
State
|
Total
Number
|
Total
Capacity
|
1
|
Andhra
Pradesh
|
43
|
104.43
|
2
|
Assam
|
1
|
0.10
|
3
|
Gujarat
|
2
|
5.6
|
4
|
Himachal
Pradesh
|
63
|
271.25
|
5
|
Haryana
|
2
|
7.4
|
6
|
Jammu
&Kashmir
|
2
|
17.5
|
7
|
Karnataka
|
95
|
694.90
|
8
|
Kerela
|
3
|
36.00
|
9
|
Madhya
Pradesh
|
1
|
2.20
|
10
|
Maharashtra
|
13
|
74.00
|
11
|
Orissa
|
2
|
32.00
|
12
|
Punjab
|
18
|
26.20
|
13
|
Tamil
Nadu
|
1
|
0.35
|
14
|
Uttaranchal
|
10
|
48.30
|
15
|
West
Bengal
|
5
|
6.45
|
Total
|
261
|
1326.68
|
|
However,
another concern while growing the sources of power generation is to
look at the most viable
resource mix which gives economically feasible power with a high l
evel
of efficiency, simultaneously maintaining the environmental standards
of the region. Whereas coal is looked at as one of the most
economical resource for power (thermal power or TP) in India, the
nation’s
technology
has still not been at par to harness coal’s energy in supercritical
plants.
In
this regard, Hydroelectric Power (HEP), or the energy obtained from
water, is a renewable form
of energy that is being looked at as one of the major sources of
power generation in the country, apart from TP. The main principle
used in HEP is the kinetic energy of falling/flowing water is
converted into electric energy using turbines. The resource is
available in abundance and harnessing it does not emit as much carbon
as well.
Hydro
Power Development in the country
Basin/River
Potential at 60% Probable
Installed
|
Load
Factor (MW) Capacity (MW)
|
Indus
19988
33832
|
Ganga
10715
20711
|
Central
Indian Rivers 2740
4152
|
West-flowing
Rivers 6149
9430
|
East-flowing
Rivers 9532
14511
|
Brahmaputra
34920
66065
|
Total
84044 148701
|
